Efektivitas Exercise Based Intervention dalam Meningkatkan Keseimbangan pada Anak Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33006/ji-kes.v10i1.1054Keywords:
autism spectrum disorder; postural balance; motor skills; exercise therapy; physical therapy modalitiesAbstract
Abstrak
Anak dengan Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) sering mengalami gangguan keseimbangan yang berdampak pada keterbatasan aktivitas fungsional dan kemandirian sehari-hari. Kondisi ini mendorong perlunya intervensi fisioterapi yang efektif untuk meningkatkan kemampuan motorik anak ASD. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan membandingkan pengaruh Perceptual Motor Program dan Core Stability Exercise terhadap peningkatan keseimbangan pada anak dengan ASD. Penelitian menggunakan desain eksperimental dengan rancangan pre-test and post-test two group design. Sebanyak 30 anak ASD berusia 4–8 tahun dibagi ke dalam dua kelompok perlakuan, masing-masing mendapatkan Perceptual Motor Program dan Core Stability Exercise selama enam minggu dengan frekuensi dua kali per minggu. Pengukuran keseimbangan dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah intervensi menggunakan One Leg Stand Test. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji statistik dengan tingkat signifikansi 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedua jenis intervensi mampu meningkatkan keseimbangan secara signifikan pada anak ASD. Selain itu, tidak ditemukan perbedaan efektivitas yang bermakna antara kedua kelompok perlakuan. Dengan demikian, Perceptual Motor Program dan Core Stability Exercise dapat digunakan sebagai pilihan intervensi fisioterapi yang sama-sama efektif untuk meningkatkan keseimbangan pada anak dengan Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Kata kunci: autism spectrum disorder; postural balance; motor skills; exercise therapy; physical therapy modalities
Abstract
Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) commonly experience balance impairments that interfere with functional activities and daily independence. These limitations highlight the need for effective physiotherapy interventions targeting motor control and postural stability. This study aimed to examine and compare the effects of a Perceptual Motor Program and Core Stability Exercise on balance improvement in children with ASD. An experimental study with a pre-test and post-test two-group design was conducted. A total of 30 children with ASD aged 4–8 years were allocated into two intervention groups, each receiving either a Perceptual Motor Program or Core Stability Exercise twice weekly for six weeks. Balance performance was assessed before and after the intervention using the One Leg Stand Test. Data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests with a significance level set at 0.05. The results demonstrated that both interventions significantly improved balance in children with ASD. However, no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups. In conclusion, both the Perceptual Motor Program and Core Stability Exercise are equally effective and may be considered viable physiotherapy interventions to enhance balance in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Keywords: autism spectrum disorder; postural balance; motor skills; exercise therapy; physical therapy modalities
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