Faktor Psikososial yang Mempengaruhi Perilaku Perawatan Kaki pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33006/jikes.v7i1.610Abstract
Abstrak
Perawatan kaki sangat penting untuk menurunkan risiko ulkus kaki diabetik. Perilaku perawatan kaki sebagai bagian dari pengelolaan mandiri sangat ditentukan oleh faktor psikososial. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis faktor psikososial yang mempengaruhi perilaku perawatan kaki penderita diabetes mellitus tipe 2. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain cross-sectional. Besar sampel adalah 138 responden dengan teknik multistage random sampling. Variabel penelitian adalah faktor psikososial (pengetahuan, koping, distres, dukungan keluarga, dan dukungan perawat) sebagai variabel independen dan perilaku perawatan kaki sebagai variabel dependen. Instrumen penelitian berupa kuesioner, yaitu SKILLDS, Coping Scale, DDS, HDFSS, persepsi peran perawat. dan NAFF. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar responden berusia 56-65 tahun (48,5%), perempuan (64,4%), pendidikan dasar (39,1%) dan penghasilan rendah (60,1%). Sebagian besar mempunyai pengetahuan, koping, persepsi dukungan keluarga, dan dukungan perawat dalam kategori sedang (45,6%; 67,3%, 53,6%, dan 63,7%), sedangkan distres dalam kategori tinggi (37,6%). Perilaku perawatan kaki dalam kategori sedang (63,0%). Hasil analisis data dengan regresi linier berganda didapatkan bahwa model fit (F=2,419; p=0,039; R2=0,049). Hasil uji partial menunjukkan bahwa hanya pengetahuan yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap perilaku perawatan kaki (p=0,035). Upaya peningkatan perilaku perawatan kaki dalam pengelolaan mandiri dapat ditingkatkan dengan meningkatkan pengetahuan pasien dalam melakukan perilaku perawatan kaki secara mandiri.
Kata kunci: diabetes melitus tipe 2, faktor psikososial, perilaku perawatan kaki
Abstract
Foot care is very important to reduce the risk of diabetic foot ulcers. Psychosocial factors largely determine foot care behavior as part of self-management. The study aimed to analyze the influence of psychosocial factors on the foot care behavior of people with T2DM. The study was a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design. The sample size was 138 respondents with a multistage random sampling technique. The psychosocial factors (knowledge, coping, distress, family support, and nurse support) were independent variables, and foot care behavior was the dependent variable. The research instruments were questionnaires (SKILLDS, coping scale, DDS, HDFSS, nurse's role perception, and NAFF). Most respondents have the knowledge, coping, family support perceived, and nurse support perceived in the moderate category (45.6%; 67.3%, 53.6%, and 63.7%), and distress was in the high category (37.6%). In contrast, foot care behavior was in the moderate category (63.0%). The results of data analysis with multiple linear regression found that the model fit (F=2.419; p=0.039; R2= 0.049) and only knowledge significantly affected foot care behavior (p=0.035). Efforts to improve foot care behavior in self-management can be increased by increasing patient knowledge in performing foot care behavior independently.
Keywords: foot care behavior, psychosocial factors, type 2 diabetes mellitus
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