Latihan Keseimbangan dan Kekuatan Otot terhadap Keseimbangan dan Risiko Jatuh pada Penderita DMT2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33006/ji-kes.v9i2.979Abstract
Abstrak
Diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2) adalah suatu kondisi metabolik kronis sehingga terjadi peningkatan kadar glukosa darah secara persisten sebab disfungsi insulin. Kondisi ini dapat menyebabkan neuropati perifer dan kelemahan otot yang berakibat pada penurunan keseimbangan serta peningkatan kejadian jatuh pada lansia. Fokus penelitian adalah mengetahui kombinasi latihan keseimbangan dan latihan kekuatan otot ekstremitas bawah terhadap keseimbangan dan penurunan risiko jatuh pada lansia dengan DMT2. Penelitian menggunakan desain quasi-eksperimental pretest–posttest control group dengan melibatkan 34 lansia dengan DMT2 dari empat Posyandu Lansia di Kartasura yang dikelompokkan menjadi intervensi dan kontrol, setiap kelompok sebanyak 17 responden. Kelompok intervensi menjalani program kombinasi latihan keseimbangan statis, dinamis dan penguatan otot tiga kali per minggu selama enam minggu, sedangkan kelompok kontrol melakukan latihan sederhana satu kali per minggu. Keseimbangan dievaluasi menggunakan Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), dan risiko jatuh dinilai dengan Short Falls Efficacy Scale–International (SFES-I). Hasil uji Wilcoxon menunjukkan adanya peningkatan signifikan keseimbangan (p= 0,001) dan penurunan risiko jatuh (p < 0,001) untuk kelompok intervensi, dengan perbedaan bermakna antar kelompok (p < 0,001). Kombinasi latihan keseimbangan dan kekuatan otot ekstremitas bawah terbukti efektif, aman, dan aplikatif untuk meningkatkan keseimbangan serta mencegah jatuh pada lansia dengan DMT2.
Kata kunci: latihan keseimbangan; latihan kekuatan otot; lanjut usia; diabetes melitus tipe 2; risiko jatuh
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistently elevated blood glucose levels due to insulin dysfunction. This condition can lead to peripheral neuropathy and muscle weakness, balance and increasing fall vulnerability in older adults. The present study examined a combination of balance exercises and lower-limb resistance exercise enhances balance and lowers the likelihood of falls among older adults T2DM. A quasi-experimental pretest–posttest design involving 34 older respondens recruited from elderly health posts in Kartasura, who were evenly assigned to intervention and control groups (n = 17 each). Intervention group performed combined static dynamic balance and strengthening exercises three times per week for six weeks, while the control group performed simple exercises once per week. Balance was assessed using the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), and fall risk was using Short Falls Efficacy Scale–International (FES-I). The Wilcoxon analysis revealed a statistically significant enhancement in balance performance (p = 0.001), a reduction in fall risk (p < 0.001) in intervention group, significant difference between groups (p < 0.001). Combination of balance and lower-extremity strengthening exercises proved to be effective, safe, and applicable in improving balance and preventing fall risk among elderly individuals with T2DM.
Keywords: balance exercise; muscle strengthening; elderly; type 2 diabetes mellitus; fall risk
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