Physical Characteristic and in Vivo Anti Hypertensive Activity of Red Spinach (Amaranthus cruentus) Foam Mat Drying

Muhammad Ikhsan; Danang Novianto Wibowo; Ayu Shabrina; Ayunda Tri Amalia

doi:10.33006/jikes.v8i2.873

Authors

Muhammad Ikhsan Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Wahid Hasyim, Semarang, Indonesia
Danang Novianto Wibowo Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Wahid Hasyim, Semarang, Indonesia
Ayu Shabrina Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Wahid Hasyim, Semarang, Indonesia
Ayunda Tri Amalia Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Wahid Hasyim, Semarang, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33006/jikes.v8i2.873

Abstract

Abstrak

Selama lima tahun terakhir, hipertensi di Indonesia mengalami peningkatan. Penggunaan nutraseutikal seperti bayam merah (BM), yang kaya akan antosianin, dapat membantu menurunkan tekanan darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi sifat fisik dan aktivitas antihipertensi dari produk foam mat drying (FMD) BM secara in vivo. Produk FMD BM dibuat dengan mencampurkan 100 g BM dengan 100 ml air, ditambahkan 6% Tween 80 dan 15% maltodekstrin, kemudian dikeringkan dalam oven pada suhu 45°C. Granul yang dihasilkan diayak menggunakan ayakan 60 mesh, lalu diuji kualitas fisik dan aktivitas in vivo menggunakan tikus Wistar yang diberi larutan NaCl 2% selama 14 hari untuk memodelkan hipertensi. Tikus dibagi menjadi beberapa kelompok: kontrol positif (KP; Captopril 5 mg), kontrol negatif (KN; 1% CMC Sodium), dan tiga kelompok perlakuan (C1-C3) yang diberikan FMDBM dosis 0,5%, 1%, dan 1,5%. Data kualitatif dianalisis secara deskriptif dan data kuantitatif dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA. Granul FMDBM menunjukkan parameter fisik yang baik, termasuk laju aliran, sudut diam, pH, dan kelarutan. Dalam uji aktivitas antihipertensi, C3 menunjukkan penurunan tekanan darah tertinggi (37,31±1,12%) namun masih berbeda signifikan dari KP (41,79±2,75%). Hasil ini berkorelasi dengan kandungan antosianin dalam FMDBM, menunjukkan bahwa FMDBM dapat menjadi produk nutraseutikal yang efektif dan terbukti secara saintifik.

Kata kunci: bayam merah, foam mat drying, antihipertensi, nutrasetikal

Abstract

Over the past five years, hypertension in Indonesia has increased. The use of nutraceuticals such as red spinach (BM), which is rich in anthocyanins, can help lower blood pressure. This study aims to evaluate the physical properties and antihypertensive activity of BM foam mat drying (FMD) products in vivo. FMD BM products were prepared by mixing 100 g of BM with 100 ml of water, adding 6% Tween 80 and 15% maltodextrin, then dried in an oven at 45°C. The resulting granules were sieved using a 60 mesh sieve, then tested for physical quality and in vivo activity using Wistar rats fed 2% NaCl solution for 14 days to model hypertension. The rats were divided into several groups: positive control (KP; Captopril 5 mg), negative control (KN; 1% CMC Sodium), and three treatment groups (C1-C3) given FMDBM doses of 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%. Qualitative data were analyzed descriptively and quantitative data were analyzed using ANOVA. The FMDBM granules showed good physical parameters, including flow rate, angle of repose, pH, and solubility. In the antihypertensive activity test, C3 showed the highest blood pressure reduction (37.31±1.12%) but was still significantly different from KP (41.79±2.75%). These results correlated with the anthocyanin content in FMDBM, suggesting that FMDBM could be an effective and scientifically proven nutraceutical product.

Keywords: red spinach; foam mat drying; anti-hypertensive; nutraceutical

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