Hubungan Skor Awal GCS dengan Outcome pada Pasien Cedera Kepala
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33006/ji-kes.v5i1.247Abstract
Abstrak
Cedera kepala adalah gangguan struktur dan fungsi otak yang diakibatkan oleh gaya mekanik dari luar tubuh, ada beberapa faktor prognosis yang berhubungan dengan outcome pasien cedera kepala meliputi jenis kelamin, usia, skor awal GCS, reflek pupil, gambaran CT scan, tanda vital dan hasil laboratorium. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara skor awal GCS dengan outcome pada pasien cedera kepala di Rumah Sakit X di Pasuruan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasional analitik dengan pendekatan desain cross sectional. Pengukuran variabel independen berupa tingkat kesadaran (GCS) dan variebel dependen berupa nilai Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) dilakukan secara simultan pada satu saat dan dinilai hanya satu kali saja. Populasi yang digunakan adalah semua pasien cedera kepala di IGD Rumah Sakit X di Pasuruan. Besar sampel yang digunakan adalah 53 responden dengan teknik concecutive sampling. Data diuji menggunakan correlational Kendall Tau dengan level signifikan < 0.005.  Hasil uji menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara Skor Awal GCS dengan Outcome pada Pasien Cedera Kepala dengan nilai p =0.00 < 0.05,nilai korelasi 0.402 yang berarti terdapat hubungan sangat erat dan bersifat positif, setiap terjadi penurunan GCS maka nilai TRISS juga akan menurun. Hasil penelitian ini memperkuat indikasi tentang pentingnya penanganan yang tepat dan segera pada penderita yang mengalami penurunan GCS diawal kejadian trauma.
Kata kunci: penderita trauma, GCS, TRISS
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Abstract
Head injury is a structure and function brain disorder caused by mechanical forces from outside the body; there are several prognostic factors related to the outcome of head injury, including gender, age, initial GCS score, pupillary reflex, CT scan images, vital signs and laboratory results. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the initial GCS score and the outcome in head injury patients in X Hospital Pasuruan. This study used an analytic observational method with a cross-sectional design approach. Measurement of the independent variable in the form of level of consciousness (GCS) and the dependent variable in the form of the Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) were carried out simultaneously at one time and were assessed once. The population was all head injury patients at the emergency department of X Hospital Pasuruan. The sample was 53 respondents taking by consecutive sampling technique. The data were tested using Kendall Tau correlational with a significant level of <0.005. The test results showed a relationship between the GCS Initial Score and the Outcome in Head Injury Patients with a value of p = 0.00 <0.05, a correlation value of 0.402 which means that there positive close  relationship, every time there is a decrease in GCS, the TRISS value will also decrease. This study's results strengthen the indication of the importance of prompt and appropriate treatment in patients who experience a decrease in GCS at the beginning of trauma.
Keywords: trauma sufferers, GCS, TRISS
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