Hubungan Karakteristik Sosiodemografi dengan Status Gizi Siswa Sekolah Dasar
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33006/ji-kes.v3i2.135Abstract
Abstrak
Status gizi adalah kondisi fisiologis tubuh terkait konsumsi makanan dan penggunaan zat gizi oleh tubuh. Hingga sekarang, masalah gizi masih umum terjadi terutama di negara berkembang. Status gizi pada siswa sekolah dasar penting karena dapat mempengaruhi kognitif dan capaian pembelajaran siswa. Salah satu akar masalah gizi adalah kemiskinan yang terkait dengan sosiodemografi yang meliputi status sosial dan ekonomi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan karakteristik sosiodemografi dan status gizi siswa sekolah dasar di Desa Wokam dan Desa Karangguli, Kabupaten Kepualaun Aru, Maluku. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan cross-sectional dan jenis penelitian ini adalah analitik observasional. Penilaian status gizi menggunakan grafik berat badan terhadap tinggi badan dengan kriteria Waterlow. Data mengenai sosiodemografi dikumpulkan dengan wawancara. Hubungan antara karakteristik sosiodemografi dan status gizi dinilai dengan uji statistik chi-square. Dari 106 sampel, 73 siswa (68,9%) memiliki status gizi normal dan 33 siswa (31,1%) memiliki status gizi kurang. Uji statistik tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan antara karakteristik sosiodemografi dan status gizi di Desa Wokam dan Karangguli, Kabupaten Kepulauan Aru.
Â
Kata kunci : hubungan, siswa sekolah dasar, sosiodemografi, status gizi
Â
Abstract
Nutritional status is a physiological condition of the body related to food consumption and requirements of the body. Until now, malnutrition is a common problem in developing countries. Nutritional status in school age children is important because it can affect cognitive ability and student achievement. One of the root problems of malnutrition is poverty which is related to sociodemographic including social and economic status. The purpose of this study is to analyze the correlation between sociodemographic characteristics and nutritional status in elementary school children in Wokam and Karangguli Village, Aru Islands Regency, Maluku. This study used cross-sectional study design and the type of this study is analytical observational. Nutritional status was assessed using weight to stature growth chart with Waterlow criteria. Data about sociodemographic were collected by interview. Correlation between sociodemographic characteristics and nutritional status were analyzed using chi-square test. From 106 samples, 73 students (68,9%) have normal nutritional status and 33 students (31,1%) were wasted. No significant correlation was found between sociodemographic characteristics and nutritional status in Wokam and Karangguli Village, Aru Islands Regency.
Â
Keywords:Â Â Â Â correlation, elementary school students, nutritional status, sociodemographic
References
Astuti, F.D., & Sulistyowati, T.F. (2012). Pendapatan Keluarga dengan Status Gizi Anak Prasekolah dan Sekolah Dasar Di Kecamatan Godean. Kesmas, 7 (1), 15-20.
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2019). Data Dan Informasi Kemiskinan Kabupaten/Kota Tahun 2018. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik.
Best, C., Neufingerl, N., van Geel, L., van den Briel, T., & Osendarp, S. (2010). The Nutritional Status of School-Aged Children: Why Should We Care. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 31 (3), 400-417.
Food and Argiculture Organization. (2007). Nutritional Status and Food Security: Learner Notes. European Union: Food and Argiculture Organization.
Galgamuwa, L.S., Iddawela, D., Dharmaratne, S.D., & Galgamuwa, G.L.S. (2017). Nutritional status and correlated socio-economic factors among preschool and school children in plantation communities, Sri Lanka. BMC Public Health, 17 (377).
Herrador, Z., Sordo, L., Gadisa, E., Moreno, J., Nieto, J., Benito, A., Aseffa, A., Cañavate, C., & Custodio, E. (2014) Cross-Sectional Study of Malnutrition and Associated Factors among School Aged Children in Rural and Urban Settings of Fogera and Libo Kemkem Districts, Ethiopia. PLOS ONE, 9 (9), e105880.
Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia. (2011). Asuhan Nutrisi Pediatrik. Jakarta: Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2019). Laporan Nasional Riskesdas 2018. Jakarta: Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan
Owusu, J., Colecraft, E., Aryeetey, R., Vaccaro, J., & Huffman, F. (2017). Nutrition Intakes and Nutritional Status of School Age Children in Ghana. Journal of Food Research, 6 (2), 11-23.
Pongou, R., Ezzati, M. & Salomon, J.A. (2006). Household and community socioeconomic and environmental determinants of child nutritional status in Cameroon. BMC Public Health, 6 (98).
Sebataraja, L.R., Oenzil, F., & Asterina. (2014). Hubungan Status Gizi dengan Status Sosial Ekonomi Keluarga Murid Sekolah Dasar di Daerah Pusat dan Pinggiran Kota Padang. Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas, 3 (2), 182-187.
Seprianty, V., Tjekyan, R.M.S., & Thaha, M.A. (2015). Status Gizi Anak Kelas III Sekolah Dasar Negeri 1 Sungaililin. Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan, 2 (1), 129-134.
Srivastava, A., Mahmood, S. E., Srivastava, P. M., Shrotriya, V. P., & Kumar, B. (2012). Nutritional status of school-age children - A scenario of urban slums in India. Arch Public Health, 70 (8).
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.