The Effect of Adding Variations in Sodium Bicarbonate Concentration on the Physical Properties of Curcuma Extract Effervescent Tablets (Curcuma xanthorrhiza)

Abstract

Effervescent tablets are practical pharmaceutical preparations that dissolve rapidly in water, making them easier to consume and more acceptable to the public as herbal products. Javanese turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhiza), which contains curcuminoids and essential oils, has the potential to be developed into such a preparation. This study aimed to determine the effect of sodium bicarbonate concentration variation on the physical and chemical properties of Javanese turmeric extract effervescent tablets and to identify the best formula produced. An experimental method using dry granulation was applied with three sodium bicarbonate concentrations: F1 (25%), F2 (28%), and F3 (30%). Granule evaluation included moisture content, flow time, and angle of repose, while tablet evaluation included organoleptic properties, hardness, friability, dissolving time, and solution pH. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The results showed that sodium bicarbonate concentration significantly affected solution pH (p<0.05) but did not significantly affect moisture content, flow time, angle of repose, hardness, friability, or dissolving time (p>0.05). All formulas met most quality requirements, except tablet hardness, which exceeded the standard range. Formula F2 (28%) was identified as the best formula because it showed more optimal moisture content, flow time, hardness, and friability compared to the other formulas.