Journal of Pharmaceutical Science (JOPHAS)

Formulasi Sediaan Lip Balm dari Ekstrak Wortel (Daucus carota L.) sebagai Pewarna Alami

Hilmia Lukman — 2024-10-06

ABSTRACT

Lip balm is a cosmetic product used to protect the lips from environmental effects. Synthetic dyes in lip balm can cause side effects like allergies and irritation. Therefore, natural dyes are considered a safer alternative. β-carotene, a natural pigment in carrots (Daucus carota L.), has potential as a natural dye in lip balm formulations. This study aimed to formulate a lip balm using carrot extract as a natural dye. β-carotene was extracted through maceration using ethanol as the solvent. The extract was added to the lip balm at 3%, 5%, and 10% concentrations, using cera alba and lanolin as the base. The formulations were evaluated using organoleptic, pH, homogeneity, and skin irritation tests. The organoleptic test showed the lip balm has a semi solid texture, yellow color, and no odor. The pH ranged from 5.5 to 6.4. The homogeneity test confirmed uniform distribution of ingredients. Skin irritation tests indicated that the lip balm is safe and does not cause adverse reactions. In conclusion, the carrot extract lip balm was successfully developed with favorable physical properties and safety, offering a promising alternative to synthetic dyes.

Keywords: β-carotene, carrot extract, natural dye, lip balm, evaluation

Perbandingan Kadar Kuersetin Ekstrak Etanol dan Metanol Kulit Buah Naga Merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Secara Spektrofotometri UV-Vis

Vivi Shofia — 2024-10-06

ABSTRACT

The red dragon fruit peel (Hylocereus polyrhizus) is rich in polyphenols, making it an excellent antioxidant. The constituents of red dragon fruit peel include betalains, anthocyanins, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin A, alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, thiamine, niacin, pyridoxine, cobalamin, phenolics, carotene, and phytoalbumin. This study aims to compare the quercetin content, which is a flavonoid, in the ethanol and methanol extracts of red dragon fruit peel (Hylocereus polyrhizus). We carried out the extraction using the maceration method, followed by quantitative analysis using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The results showed that the quercetin content in the methanol extract was higher than in the ethanol extract, at 0.765 ppm and 0.78 ppm, respectively. We suspect the polarity of the solvents used in the extraction process to influence the difference in quercetin content. These findings offer valuable insights into the potential of red dragon fruit peel as a natural source of quercetin, and its potential application in the development of pharmaceutical products.

Keywords: Flavonoids, Quercetin, Red dragon fruit peel, Quantitative analysis, UV-Vis.

ABSTRAK

Kulit buah naga merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus) sangat kaya akan polifenol, yang membuatnya sangat baik sebagai antioksidan. Kandungan kulit buah naga termasuk betalain, antosianin, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin A, alkaloid, terpenoid, flavonoid, tiamin, niasin, piridoksin, kobalamin, fenolik, karoten, dan fitoalbumin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan kadar kuersetin yang merupakan flavonoid pada ekstrak etanol dan metanol kulit buah naga merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus). Ekstraksi dilakukan menggunakan metode maserasi, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan analisis kuantitatif menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar kuersetin pada ekstrak metanol lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan ekstrak etanol beturut-turut 0,765 ppm dan 0,78 ppm. Perbedaan kadar kuersetin ini diduga dipengaruhi oleh polaritas pelarut yang digunakan dalam proses ekstraksi. Hasil penelitian ini dapat memberikan informasi mengenai potensi kulit buah naga merah sebagai sumber kuersetin alami dan dapat dimanfaatkan dalam pengembangan produk farmasi.

Kata kunci: Flavonoid, Kuersetin, Kulit buah naga merah, Analisis kuantitatif, UV-Vis.

Evaluasi Terapi Antihipertensi di Puskesmas: Studi Pemakaian Obat Tahun 2023 di Kabupaten Probolinggo

Rokayah — 2024-10-06

ABSTRACT

Hypertension is one of the significant health problems in Indonesia, with its increasing prevalence. This study aims to evaluate the profile of the use of antihypertensive drugs at the Paiton Health Center, Probolinggo Regency, during 2023 in order to understand drug use patterns and cost efficiency in managing hypertension at the primary level. This quantitative descriptive research uses retrospective data from the medical records of hypertensive patients. The results showed that Amlodipine 5 mg was the most widely used drug (34.33%), followed by Kaptopril 12.5 mg (30.88%). Although Nifedipine Adalat Oros 30 mg is only used 0.52%, its high cost is a concern. These findings show the need to optimize therapy and budget management to improve the quality of health services and cost-effectiveness in health centers. This research is essential to encourage evidence-based policies in the management of hypertension in Indonesia, considering the significant economic and health burden due to hypertension.

Keywords: Hypertension, Antihypertensive, Amlodipine, Captopril, Cost Efficiency, Health Center

ABSTRAK

Hipertensi adalah salah satu masalah kesehatan utama di Indonesia dengan prevalensi yang terus meningkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi profil penggunaan obat antihipertensi di Puskesmas Paiton, Kabupaten Probolinggo, selama tahun 2023, guna memahami pola pemakaian obat dan efisiensi biaya dalam pengelolaan hipertensi di tingkat primer. Penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif ini menggunakan data retrospektif dari rekam medis pasien hipertensi. Hasil menunjukkan Amlodipin 5 mg menjadi obat yang paling banyak digunakan (34,33%) diikuti Kaptopril 12,5 mg (30,88%). Meski Nifedipin Adalat Oros 30 mg hanya digunakan 0,52%, biayanya yang tinggi menjadi perhatian. Temuan ini menunjukkan perlunya optimalisasi terapi dan pengelolaan anggaran untuk meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan kesehatan dan efektivitas biaya di Puskesmas. Penelitian ini penting untuk mendorong kebijakan berbasis bukti dalam penatalaksanaan hipertensi di Indonesia, mengingat beban ekonomi dan kesehatan akibat hipertensi yang signifikan.

Keywords: Hipertensi, Antihipertensi, Amlodipin, Kaptopril, Efisiensi Biaya, Puskesmas.

Penggunaan Antibiotik dan Terapi Suportif pada Pasien COVID-19 di RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya Tahun 2020

Umi Fatmawati — 2024-10-06

ABSTRACT

The high mortality rate of COVID-19 patients at Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya prompted this study to analyze the patterns of antibiotic use and supportive therapy. Medical record data of 132 patients treated from January to June 2020 were analyzed descriptively, covering antibiotic types, dosages, length of therapy, and side effects. Levofloxacin, Cefoperazone Sulbactam, and Ceftriaxone were the most frequently used antibiotics. Albumin therapy and vitamin and mineral supplementation were also widely administered. The patient mortality rate was quite high (52.27%), especially in patients with comorbidities and a history of smoking and alcohol consumption. This study provides an overview of the use of antibiotics and supportive therapies in COVID-19 patients, which can be a basis for further research.

Keywords: COVID-19, antibiotics, albumin, mortality, comorbidities

ABSTRAK

Tingginya angka mortalitas pasien COVID-19 di RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya mendorong penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pola penggunaan antibiotik dan terapi suportif. Data rekam medis 132 pasien yang dirawat pada periode januari hingga juni 2020 dianalisis secara deskriptif, meliputi jenis antibiotik, dosis, lama terapi, dan efek samping. Levofloxacin, Cefoperazone Sulbactam, dan Ceftriaxone adalah antibiotik yang paling sering digunakan. Terapi albumin dan suplementasi vitamin dan mineral juga banyak diberikan. Tingkat kematian pasien tinggi (52,27%), terutama pada pasien dengan komorbid dan riwayat merokok serta konsumsi alkohol. Penelitian ini memberikan gambaran penggunaan antibiotik dan terapi suportif pada pasien COVID-19 yang dapat menjadi dasar untuk penelitian lebih lanjut.

Kata kunci: COVID-19, antibiotik, albumin, mortalitas, komorbid

Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Penjualan Obat Bebas dan Bebas Terbatas di Apotek Hafshawaty pada Bulan Desember 2023

Fahmi Dimas Abdul Azis — 2024-10-06

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to analyze the sales trends of over-the-counter (OTC) and limited OTC drugs at Hafshawaty Pharmacy during December 2023. Sales data were categorized based on pharmacological categories and OTC and limited OTC drug categories. The results showed that drugs in the digestive and respiratory pharmacological categories dominated sales, indicating that the community around the pharmacy may be prone to digestive problems and respiratory tract infections. There was a public preference for certain drugs such as Antasida Doen, Ibuprofen 400mg, and Novagesic 500mg. Although dominated by OTC drugs, sales of limited OTC drugs were also significant, indicating that people still rely on pharmacies to obtain drugs that require supervision from health workers. This phenomenon can be attributed to ease of access, education from pharmacists, and the availability of medicines in pharmacies.

Keywords: sales trends, over-the-counter drugs, limited OTC drugs, pharmacy, pharmacological categories.

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tren penjualan obat bebas dan bebas terbatas di Apotek Hafshawaty selama bulan Desember 2023. Data penjualan obat dikategorikan berdasarkan kategori farmakologis dan kategori obat bebas serta bebas terbatas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa obat-obatan dalam kategori farmakologis pencernaan dan pernapasan mendominasi penjualan, yang mengindikasikan bahwa masyarakat di wilayah sekitar apotek mungkin rentan terhadap masalah pencernaan dan infeksi saluran pernapasan. Terdapat preferensi masyarakat terhadap obat-obat tertentu seperti Antasida Doen, Ibuprofen 400mg, dan Novagesic 500mg. Meskipun didominasi oleh obat bebas, penjualan obat bebas terbatas juga signifikan, yang menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat masih mengandalkan apotek untuk mendapatkan obat yang memerlukan pengawasan tenaga kesehatan. Fenomena ini dapat dikaitkan dengan kemudahan akses, edukasi dari apoteker, dan ketersediaan obat di apotek.

Kata kunci: tren penjualan, obat bebas, obat bebas terbatas, apotek, kategori farmakologis.